tứ duy

Definition
  1. Noun (Archaic/Ethical Philosophy):
    • The Four Principles of Virtue: A Confucian ethical concept denoting the four fundamental moral principles for a gentleman or ruler in traditional Vietnamese society. These are: Lễ (Ritual Propriety/Respect), Nghĩa (Righteousness/Justice), Liêm (Integrity/Incorruptibility), and Sỉ (Sense of Shame/Conscience).
Usage Examples
  • Noun:
    • Các bậc quân tử thời xưa lấy "tứ duy" làm chuẩn mực đạo đức. (Gentlemen of the past took the "Four Principles of Virtue" as their ethical standard.)
    • "Tứ duy" là nền tảng của đạo đức Nho giáo. (The "Four Principles of Virtue" are the foundation of Confucian ethics.)
Advanced Usage
  • The term "tứ duy" is primarily used in historical, philosophical, or literary contexts to discuss traditional East Asian moral frameworks. It is not used in modern everyday conversation.
Variants and Related Words
  • Tứ đức (n): The Four Virtues (for women in Confucianism: – Domestic Skills, Appearance, Speech, Morality).
  • Tam cương (n): The Three Bonds (fundamental hierarchical relationships in Confucianism).
  • Ngũ thường (n): The Five Constant Virtues ( – Benevolence, Righteousness, Propriety, Wisdom, Fidelity).
Synonyms
  • The Four Cardinal Principles: A direct translation conveying its fundamental nature.
  • The Four Ethical Pillars: Emphasizing its role as a foundational support for morality.
Related Concepts
  • Lễ (n): Ritual Propriety, Respect. The first principle, emphasizing proper conduct and social rites.
  • Nghĩa (n): Righteousness, Duty. The second principle, emphasizing moral obligation and justice.
  • Liêm (n): Integrity, Honesty. The third principle, emphasizing incorruptibility and purity of character.
  • Sỉ (n): Sense of Shame, Conscience. The fourth principle, emphasizing self-respect and the ability to feel shame for wrongdoings.